The gut microbiome is gaining significant attention in diabetes research, especially as scientists uncover its deep connection to metabolic health. In the context of Type 2 diabetes, the gut microbiome is believed to play a critical role in influencing insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and glucose metabolism. Studies in both animal models and humans have shown that individuals with Type 2 diabetes often exhibit a disrupted microbial balance—known as dysbiosis—characterized by reduced microbial diversity and an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. This imbalance can trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, which impairs insulin signaling and contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Researchers in Korea and globally are actively exploring how specific strains of probiotics, or even personalized microbiome transplants, can help restore a healthier gut environment and improve glycemic control. Some emerging probiotic-based therapies, particularly those containing Akkermansia muciniphila or Bifidobacterium species, have shown promise in clinical trials by reducing inflammation, improving insulin resistance, and supporting weight management. Additionally, prebiotic fibers that nourish beneficial gut bacteria are also being tested for their ability to modulate blood sugar levels. While this field is still developing, the gut microbiome represents a promising, non-invasive frontier in both the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes—offering hope for more personalized and holistic therapeutic strategies in the near future.